Holocaust Remembrance Day

In 1935, Hitler issued the Nuremburg Laws, declaring both Jew and Gypsy were ineligible citizens in the Reich because of impure bloodlines. Himmler organized the death camps and killing squads and Jews and Gypsies died side by side in the gas chambers.  6 million Jews and 3 to 5 million Gypsies were murdered due to race. The atrocities the Russians discovered at Auschwitz laid the foundation for the definition of genocide adopted by the UN in 1948.

Since then, Holocaust scholars have forgotten about the Rromanies, known as “Gypsies,” allowing history to repeat itself. European politicians blame them for a poor economy and crime. In the Czech Republic, Rromani children aren’t allowed to attend public schools and over 90,000 Rromani women have been sterilized since 1980. Italy fingerprinted and photographed the Rromani in 2008. Neo-Nazis in Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, and Italy murder Rromani with near impunity. Germany, France, and Italy deport the Rromani, and England practices illegal evictions.

In October of 2011, Thomas Hammarberg, Commissioner for Human Right for the Council of Europe declared “The importance of teaching about Roma history cannot be overemphasized. [r]aising awareness of the Roma genocide and building … memorial sites are the least states could do to honor Roma victims.”

The UN declared January 27 ‘International Holocaust Remembrance Day’ to “[c]ondemn ‘without reserve’ all manifestations of religious intolerance, incitement, harassment or violence against persons or communities based on ethnic origin or religious belief, whenever they occur." Yet Rromanies will not be allowed to participate in the UN’s ceremony.

Rromanies aren’t usually allowed inside the gates of Auschwitz for their ceremonies either. The Rromani have been told their participation would “dishonor the memory of the true victims.”

The Holocaust didn’t happen in a bubble. Please remember all victims on January 27 and reject intolerance.

The Decade of Roma Inclusion

One of my tasks here at OPES is to keep watch on the Decade of Inclusion. I have written in the past that I have not been impressed with the countries that signed on and their lack of progress. The twelve countries currently taking part in the Decade are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Spain. Slovenia has observer status. Each developed a national Decade Action Plan that specifies the goals and indicators in the priority areas.

As we approach January 27, Holocaust Remembrance Day, I will be reviewing the participating countries and you can decide for yourself if real progress, if any, has been achieved.

The following article is from Romedia Foundation and I found it to be very interesting. Please check out their site at http://romediafoundation.wordpress.com/. They are an excellent source for information.

C

Under Surveillance: The Roma in Hungary 2012

Posted on January 12, 2012

 

Police in Hungary have now been formally instructed by the Chief of National Police to pay specific attention to minorities in their work, referring to what some have called ‘ethnic criminality’. The National Police were issued the instructions on December 30.

The special rules for “working in a multicultural environment” refer to officers handling immigration issues with the advice being issued by National Police Chief, Joseph Hatala.
The developments have received a mixed response from police officers and criminologists. Some believe that the new law will actually help the police to identify criminals while others have criticized the measure, claiming that it will only deepen the already existing prejudice within the force.

The main role of the police’s minority liaison division in dealing with minorities is to forge relationships with different cultural communities, youth organizations, refugee organizations as well as realigning minority leaders of social organizations.

Ultimately, the information gathered in the process is shared with the National Bureau of Investigation, the Alert Police Department, the Airport Police Directorate and regular police officers.
Furthermore, the instructions allow the chief of police to use the minority liaison to investigate any crime in which he thinks a minority group may have been involved. The assumption of innocence is put to one side.

Prejudiced police

Law enforcement and investigative bodies have been under pressure to reduce feelings of prejudice within the National Police. A decade ago, there was great controversy at the national Police Academy where an investigation found that its students were widely anti-Roma.
Research carried out by the Hungarian Helsinki Committee in 2007-2008 found that “Roma people are three times more likely to be stopped by police than non-Roma persons”.

Police activity against Roma communities in Hungary has come under international scrutiny

The police and Hungarian state in general, were under serious pressure when in April 2010 Amnesty International issued a report “highlighting the shortcomings of the Hungarian criminal justice system in identifying and addressing hate crimes, in particular racist violence that mostly affects Roma people in Hungary.”

In October 2011, the Council of Europe’s Commissioner for Human Rights Thomas Hammarberg expressed concern about police behavior against Roma communities.
The Commissioner stated: “Patterns of discrimination and ill-treatment by police towards Roma are widely reported. Roma have been subjected to police violence in detention facilities and public spaces, such as Roma settlements during police raids. When investigations have been carried out, they frequently appear to have been biased or discriminatory.”
Suspicions of racism among the police intensified further when an internal police internet forum was found to contain officers exchanging derogatory opinions on the Roma. However, similar discoveries have been made across Hungarian society, not only within the police, leading to a growing sense of unease and alienation among Hungarian Roma.

Police protecting a Roma community in Hejoszalonta, Hungary 2010

The head of the police had aimed to address these issues and tried several ways to tackle this widespread prejudice. He announced a record number of Romani officers, and encouraged police officer candidates among Roma children entering secondary schools. In addition to this, cooperation agreements with Roma minority self-governments, and a special rapporteur on the Roma were ready to be launched.

However, such measures were not warmly welcomed within the police force as leaders continually stressed that social issues could not be solved by police alone.

One police officer, wishing to remain anonymous, claimed that as a district agent with a good relationship with local residents, he could not understand the purpose minorities being given special attention and found the new regulations to be vaguely worded.

Results will take time

The new instructions were paved with good intentions according to National Institute of Criminology Fellow, Finszter Geza. The scholar insisted that it was a necessary means to encourage cooperation from minorities and bring them closer to the police.

“This type of instruction in Hungary has not yet been undertaken, even though in almost all European countries with multi-cultural societies, there are such solutions” – said Finszter.

He cited Holland as an example where, he explained, there are lots of immigrants from a variety of cultures, so each police officer is obliged to partake in an educational program in which the officer becomes acquainted with an ethnic group’s traditions and habits.

Finszter continued, and outlined that the solution to the problem was clearly handed down to every police service by the Declaration of Human Rights.

“Every police organization will answer to a centralized bureaucratic element, so the problem is more complicated. A professional attitude and cultural change is required, these things do not happen immediately, but over many years.” stressed Finszter, who hopes that the chief provision will have a positive impact on the police.

However the criminologist also found it important to note that the instructions had an introductory section, attempting to explain the need for the new measures. “Thus the statement is a bit of a self-criticism as well. For example, the prejudice reported among the police must exist for this to be made clear. “

Nothing new

Further anonymous officers claimed that the instructions do not say anything new. ”It would be nice to know why the command was issued. Last spring we were already provided instructions on how to be a police officer and to keep in touch with the minorities’ – he said. They said the objective is not new, because the police’s role was still to prevent crime above anything else.

The impact of the latest police guidelines will be seen in the coming months. However, from the outset, in a country which is no stranger to ethnic or racial tension, paying specific attention to minorities may be sending the wrong message to the Hungarian people.

Many will take this as an assumption of criminality within Roma communities, and particularly volatile sections of society may take this as justification for persecution. It certainly won’t discourage the extremist right wing groups and their paramilitary wings in their anti-Roma activities.
Having said that, in an article of January 10, the extreme right media portal kuruc.info has actually criticized the instructions for which the title read “Pintér (Minister of Interior) protects Gypsy criminals again: “special attention” has to be paid to them from now on”.

Results of Roma inclusion programme fail to impress

This articles comes to us from the Southeast European Times via the Roma Virtual Network and ERIO News.

Results of Roma inclusion programme fail to impress

26/11/2011

Nearly seven years later, a campaign aimed at improving the lives of Roma has failed to bring about significant change.

By Svetla Dimitrova for Southeast European Times - 26/11/11

Stilyan Stoyanov, a Bulgarian national of mixed Roma and Arabic origin, is sceptical of Roma leaders associated with the programme. [Nikolay Dimitrov/SETimes]

Back in February 2005, eight Central and East European nations launched an ambitious ten-year initiative to improve the status of Roma.

"The Roma inclusion programme was a very good initiative. However, it didn't work in any of the participating countries," Ilona Tomova, senior research associate at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, told SETimes on November 17th.

Bulgaria, which according to the national population census conducted earlier this year is home to close to 321,000 ethnic Roma, was among the eight countries that pledged to work for the minority's inclusion nearly seven years ago. The others were Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Slovakia.

An author of numerous publications on the Roma issue, Tomova believes that one reason why the initiative has produced few meaningful results in Bulgaria is that none of the governments have felt ownership of it since 2005. All projects implemented under the programme have been funded by international organisations, according to her.
   
The World Bank has been one of the principal sponsors of the initiative, along with the Open Society Institute. In May, the Bank and the Bulgarian government held a workshop to identify both Roma inclusion challenges and good practices.

"The main messages that came out from the working groups are that there are a number of challenges, but also a number of good practice examples in each particular subject, and that some of the existing issues should be addressed through shared responsibility, joint efforts of different stakeholders and in their partnership," the Bank said in a concluding statement.

Ordinary Roma have a different explanation for why the initiative has not resulted in significant change. They point a finger at their own leaders, who are actively involved in the programme.
"Currently, only people who can easily be manipulated are invited to participate in initiatives under the programme," Stilyan Stoyanov, a 25-year-old Bulgarian national of mixed Roma and Arabic origin, told SETimes in an interview last month. "To be successful, it should be implemented by people committed to helping the community, i.e., by Roma, who want to work effectively and are not after the money they would get for doing a job under the dictation of Roma political leaders."
"Those are gangsters," his landlady, Sonya, cut in. A Roma woman in her 50s, she feels that politicians from her community are pursuing only their own interests.

The employment rate among working age Roma stands at just over 50%, according to official data. One of the key reasons is insufficient education and qualifications. Many Roma children don't go to school, and Sonya blames their parents.

"They are illiterate and they just don't care," she said, noting with pride that her daughters "are educated" and that her grand-daughters "are intelligent".

Despite his very difficult childhood in orphanages, Stoyanov not only finished school, but is due to complete his academic studies within months.

Aside from that, he is a landscape painter with an interest in kitchen interior design. He grew up forced to use his wits. As a ninth-grader, for example, he felt tooth pain one day. Seeking help from the principal, he was told that the orphanage had no money to pay for a visit to the dentist.
After several sleepless nights, Stoyanov took one of his paintings to the dentist to see if he could barter it to "pay" for the treatment he needed. Five paintings later, he received basic dental care.
When representatives of the Bulgarian branch of the Seventh-day Adventist Church arrived at the Strazhitsa orphanage to deliver food donations in 2000, he told them of his experience. About a month later, he was placed with a foster family in Sofia and enrolled at one of the arts' schools there.
A year after completing his education in fine arts and pottery in 2006, he was admitted into the Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" to study social work.

His biggest dream is a home of his own, a wife and children, as well as a job.  

He also hopes to have his first art exhibition, but feels many of the people who could help seem prejudiced to members of the Roma ethnic group.

As for that Roma inclusion programme, Stoyanov said he would get involved if invited.
"No one has ever asked me to take part in any such initiative. They are not interested in inviting people like me, who would tell them the truth," he said.

He also noted that it is important for the Bulgarian media to tone down anti-Roma rhetoric and for only those truly committed to the objectives of the programme to be involved in it.

 

Where are we in the Decade?

The Decade of Roma Inclusion was launched in 2005, founded by a plethora or organizations interested in improving the situation of the Romanies in a dozen countries in Europe. Co-sponsors of the Decade are the World Bank, the Open Society Institute, the United Nations Development Program, the Council of Europe, the Council of Europe Development Bank, the Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues of the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the European Roma Information Office, the European Roma and Travellers Forum, the European Roma Rights Centre and the Roma Education Fund. In 2008, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN–HABITAT), the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) also became partners in the Decade. The countries who pledged themelseves in the Decade are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Spain.

It is now 2011. We are beyond the halfway point on the calendar, but I am not so sure we have reached the half-way point to any sort of Roma inclusion. I've seen many committees, summits, conferences, and meetings, all closing with a statement of re-commitment or a list of new goals, or even a declaration against anti-Romani policies. I've seen an equal number of human rights violations by the very countries who dedicated themselves to oppose poverty and descrimination.

Albania requested admission into the European Union in April, 2009. According to the EU's own webpage,http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/enlargement_process/accession_process/how_does_a_country_join_the_eu/negotiations_croatia_turkey/index_en.htm

"In order to ensure progress in the negotiations, the candidate countries will also need to make progress on the ground in meeting the requirements for membership, most importantly the Copenhagen criteria:

• the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities"

There are other criteria, but we are only concerned with point one. Has Albania guarenteed the human rights of the Romanies living within her borders? We've heard of forced evictions, homelessness, and poverty. The 2010 report from Human Rights Watch wasn't very encouraging. Can Albania get their act together by 2015?  Doubt it. Will they be voted in to the EU? We will have to wait and see.

Bosnia and Herzegovina have Romani populations that are in constant fear and many are homeless. Anti-Romani sentiment is still quite prevalent. Threats, beatings, and discrimination are constantly on the minds of Romanies.

Bulgaria.  Riots, descrimination, persecution, murder. Need I say more?

Croatia still has problems with violence against Romani, though improvements have been made in the educational system. Back in 2010, there were reports of segregation in the classrooms, but it appears the policy has been/is changing. Human Rights Watch did give Croatia a warning in 2010, so this is also a wait and see situation.

The Czech Republic and Hungary. See Bugaria and add neo-Nazis.

Macedonia and Montenegro still have many social and cultural issues with the Romani that must be dealt with and progress is slow. While Macedonia is currently experiencing national problems, the answer is not to ignore nor allow social groups to blame Romanies for conditions withing communities. When countries are having difficulties, it is more important than ever that they ensure the rights of everyone living within its borders, including minorities.

Romania is dealing with migration and expulsion issues with its Romani population. France began deporting Romanies back to Romania, then went so far as to threaten Romania with blocks in the EU if the Romanian government doesn't keep the Romanies in Romania. Also of interest is Romania's 'name bill' they attempted to pass in 2010 stating that the Romani would not be able to call themselves Romanies while in Romania. Shall we consider the history? Romania became Romania in 1862. We have been calling ourselves Romanies for centuries. Perhaps, in the true spirit of inclusion, we should be charging them royalties for the use of OUR name.

Serbia also has its extreme issues. Romanies there face poverty and discrimination. With tensions high, even Romani children have been targets of abuse and injury. The Romanies who left during the war and have been forced to return are having difficulties getting identity cards which in turn means they have little to no access to safe housing , health care, employment, and welfare services. Human Rights Watch is currently involved here, but progress promises to be very slow.

Slovakia and the Czech Republic tend to have similar policies when it comes to the Romani people. Racist attacks against the Romanies occur frequently yet the government, despite being a member state of the EU, does little to protect Romani citizens. The mandate of the EU, as stated above, dictates that its members have already shown their ability to protect minorities before their admittance to the EU and that minorities remain safe while living in the member state.

Spain needs to work on helping the Romanies with housing and education. Racism against Romanies in Spain is still quite prevalent, and therefore should be addressed as an issue as a long standing member state of the EU.

This list is critical and by no means exhaustive. It is not meant to be an in depth summary. The idea behind this is to simply take a quick glance over the issue of the Decade of Inclusion to see how counties who joined are handling their commitments.

This list is also not meant to be critical of The Decade of Roma Inclusion. The Decade is an important step towards achieving equality and education between the Romani community and the rest of the world.

Governments must deal severely with hate crimes. Violent crimes against minorities, not just Romanies, should be investigated quickly and addressed with all due justice. Racists often believe their actions promote their counties and prevent minorities and foreigners from getting jobs and supporting themselves, leaving jobs to true citizens.

The media must also be exhorted to run equal opportunities for positive Romani interest stories. If the media only covers the hate and violence, they will only promote hate and violence. We are not suggesting censorship, but a call to responsible journalism.

Governments must consider adding an educational program to the school systems, educating youth on the history and current issues of the Romani. When children see only hate in the media, hate at home, it is all they will learn. Educational programming will allow a new generation to advance towards equality.

Romanies must be included in decisions made for the Romani people. Nothing for us Without Us is a slogan used by Disabled Persons Organizations and should teach everyone something very important. No legislation about any group should be created without the input and support of the group it affects. Romanies must become more involved in the politics of the countries in which they live, as is their right stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Without input, Romanies will continue to suffer under anti-Romani policies.

Education is the key.

Anti-Roma rhetoric underpins obstacles to Roma inclusion

This article comes to us from Council of Europe, Commissioner for Human Rights. The website is posted below the article.

Strasbourg, 22 September 2011

Anti-Roma rhetoric underpins obstacles to Roma inclusion
Speech by Thomas Hammarberg, Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, at the Summit of Mayors on Roma: “Building mutual trust at the grassroots Plenary Panel – Roma inclusion: what obstacles?”

Posters displayed in Milan during this year’s municipal election campaign warned against the risk of the city turning into a “Gypsy town”. Though this was an extreme display of anti-Gypsyism and xenophobia, anti-Roma statements by politicians are in fact commonplace in several countries in Europe. Until this stops, efforts to promote the inclusion of Roma in society will rarely bear fruit. Instead, discrimination and violence will continue to be a part of the daily lives of many Roma.

Anti-Roma rhetoric underpins obstacles to Roma inclusion.

Local politicians have a special responsibility for combating discrimination and building bridges across different parts of society. They should avoid using stigmatising speech against the Roma and should not feed the age-old prejudices against this minority. Sweeping generalisations about Roma and Travellers, in particular concerning their involvement in crime, feed the false stereotypes. In a letter posted on the municipal website in November 2010, the Mayor of Nový Bydžov in the Czech Republic held the Roma collectively responsible for the rape of a girl and announced repressive measures targeting the local Roma community.

Another example comes from Hungary, where comments of the Mayor of Tiszasarion about what he called “Gypsy crime” triggered the setting up of a special ‘gendarmerie’. Such vigilante groups have been operating in other parts of Hungary as well.

The consequences of anti-Roma rhetoric by politicians should not be underestimated. Their words can be understood as encouraging violent action against the Roma, such as mob violence and pogroms. Following the Nový Bydžov Mayor’s public statements on Roma, extremist groups attacked Roma in the town during a demonstration organised in March 2011. The police failed to provide adequate protection to the Roma on the occasion.

My experience is that anti-Roma political discourse perpetuates anti-Gypsyism. By setting the example for prejudice and discrimination in society, politicians effectively prevent Roma and Travellers from enjoying their rights on an equal footing with others. In such a hostile context, all efforts made by the Roma communities themselves to break out of their marginalisation and relate positively to the rest of society are jeopardised.

Instead of anti-Roma rhetoric, Roma men and women should be welcomed and encouraged to participate in politics. All members of society would benefit from this. But several barriers have to be overcome. There is a lack of information among Roma about their civil rights and the whole electoral process. In many cases they do not even possess ID documents and are not registered as citizens in the country where they live. In France, I have also encountered cases where French Travellers have not been able to vote in local elections because of discriminatory obstacles to their registration as residents and voters in a municipality.

Schemes with reserved seats for Roma in political bodies should be developed. The Slovenian practice of ensuring one seat in the local assemblies of municipalities with significant Roma populations has created a channel between the Roma and the authorities. This has also encouraged political participation and networks among Roma more broadly. Parties should be more attentive to their Roma constituents as voters and candidates. More outreach efforts are needed to secure voter registration, also among Romani women.

Public life is not only about elections. Participation is about a possibility to influence on a daily basis. More organised consultation is needed between the local authorities and the Roma population, for instance, on housing and other concrete problems. Advisory bodies could be set up to give such consultations more continuity and promote the legitimacy of the Roma representatives.

Municipalities should also be open to support Roma cultural centres. During my visits to Spain and Slovenia I noticed that such centres can have positive effects both among Roma and in their relationship with other communities. Factual knowledge about Roma culture and history is a key tool for correcting well-rehearsed stereotypes. The Council of Europe fact sheets on Roma history should be widely disseminated.

The local administrations have to make serious efforts to recruit Roma civil servants. It is particularly important that Roma can work as police officers, teaching staff in schools and medical professionals. This is essential for labour integration and as a means of building trust between communities in the critical fields of education, health and security.

Housing is an area where the local authorities play an important role and one which has often failed Roma utterly. Sub-standard and segregated housing continues to be a reality for a large number of Roma in most parts of Europe. In some cases, municipal housing policies have increased Roma segregation – the building of walls is an unfortunate and symbolic illustration of this. Migrant Roma tend to live in especially harsh conditions.

Reports of forced evictions, sometimes carried out with considerable violence, are all too frequent. In Italy, extraordinary ‘emergency’ measures have been applied for some years already to evict Roma from their settlements in Rome and Milan, for example. The European Committee of Social Rights has strongly condemned these practices.

Evictions and sub-standard housing in inaccessible locations have dramatic consequences for Roma families and children. Without a real home they also face difficulties in exercising other rights. Adequate housing is of central importance to the enjoyment of the rights to health, education, and work and it is an essential component of privacy and family life.

Local authorities can take the lead in fulfilling the rights of Roma to live in dignity in adequate housing, including the provision of public utilities. Roma settlements lacking recognised tenure should be regularised or other suitable housing options offered. During my visit to Spain, I was able to study a housing programme in Madrid which had succeeded in relocating 2000 Roma families from shantytowns to decent apartments over the past decade.

Travellers who continue to move need sufficient short and long-term stopping sites of adequate standard. Other housing possibilities enabling them to live in caravans on land they have acquired should be available as well. It is important that housing offered to Travellers is culturally appropriate which means that the possibility to live in caravans must be preserved.

It seems to me that this fact has not been fully taken into account in the evictions of Travellers announced by the Basildon District Council at Dale Farm in the UK after a long legal process. It would be unwise to go ahead with these evictions. More dialogue is needed between the local authorities and Travellers to build trust and find agreed solutions.

Evictions should only be carried out as a last resort and with appropriate procedural safeguards. Those affected must be consulted, reasonable notice given and access to legal remedies guaranteed. Adequate alternative housing and compensation for all losses must be made available to those affected. Evictions must not result in homelessness.

Education is another area where local and regional authorities are active. While in Romania, I learned that 50 per cent of Roma children did not attend schools. Many of those who did dropped out from school early on. In many countries, Roma children are also disproportionately represented in special schools which cater for pupils with disabilities and learning difficulties.

Every child has the right to education. It is the first step for integration into society. The education of Roma children should be inclusive and desegregated. Decisive steps must be taken to increase the attendance of Roma children in mainstream schools. The Strasbourg Court has made clear that there are obligations that must be met in this field. Particular attention needs be paid to promoting the education of Roma girls.

Pre-school education should be encouraged and barriers to school attendance eliminated. A range of positive measures can be made available to provide additional support and assistance to Roma and teachers and to improve mutual communication. Roma school assistants and mediators have been trained and employed in many member states for the purpose with good results. A Joint programme between the Council of Europe and the European Union is ongoing in this field.

We need responsible leadership and systematic work. Anti-Roma speech, including during electoral campaigns, must be strongly condemned in all cases and punished when it breaks laws against incitement to hatred. Generalisations and the stigmatisation of entire groups must be avoided. Reviving age-old stereotypes about Roma is playing with fire.

Instead, Roma inclusion must feature high on the municipal agenda. We cannot afford broken and segregated communities. Several sources of funding have already been made available for the purpose, not the least under EU schemes. But I find it astonishing that in many cases funding earmarked for the purpose previously had not been used: many municipalities had in fact refused funds to improve the situation of Roma. Under current economic situation this is quite extraordinary and demonstrates the long shadow of anti-Gypsyism.

Another reason for the failure of previous attempts has been the lack of involvement of Roma themselves. Yet Roma should always be key actors in the initiatives in favour of them. Local efforts for Roma inclusion must bring all the stakeholders together from the planning stage until the final evaluation. When Roma are already participants in the political process and represented in local assemblies this is easier, but in specific projects their involvement must be active and comprehensive.

Although good practices in this field are still outnumbered by unacceptable situations, we must reverse the trend. We already know the elements to success. When old prejudices are left behind, the determined work for inclusion can begin.


https://wcd.coe.int/wcd/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1835197